Emperor Qianlong: Letter to George III, 1793

[Dennis O'Connell]

Students in third grade become familiar with King George III when they study the writing of the Declaration of Independence.  Using this letter from Qianlong may help students understand several aspects of global politics at that time.  Firstly, it would be important for students to understand that the American colonies were not the only problem on the plate of King George III.  England sought to be a global power and had issues to deal with all over the globe, not just in the New World.  Secondly, students might be guided to understand how China felt in many ways superior to England.  The following language in the letter could lead to further discussions (you demonstrate "respectful humility", "Our Celestial dynasty", you are too uncivilized "to acquire the rudiments of our civilization", "perpetual submission to our Throne", "nor do I overlook your excusable ignorance", your envoy "may be lacking in lucidity", etc.).  Thirdly, several discussions could focus on the following questions: Is it ok to have pride in one's nation?  Are we as a nation "better" than those of other nations?  Do people in other nations feel they are "better" than us?  So these are not simply yes or no questions, they should be followed up with Why or Why not?