To many Chinese, missionary efforts were at least as offensive as efforts to grab special rights to mines and rail lines. But the missionaries found they had to learn from China, that when they did some Chinese took a great interest in their messages, and that they also were taken to be, and could effectively present themselves as, providers of secular knowledge about the sources of Western strength. Periodical literature and Western-style higher education were two of their more successful and distinctive innovations.
Daniel H. Bays, ed., Christianity in China: Froim the Eighteenth Century to the Present. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Paul A. Cohen, "Christian Missions and their Impact to 1900", Cambridge History of China, Vol. 10.
Suzanne Wilson Barnett and John K. Fairbank. eds., Christianity in China: Early Protestant Missionary Writings
Irwin T. Hyatt, Jr., Our Ordered Lives Confess: Three Nineteenth-Century American Missionaries in East Shantung.
Paul A. Cohen, Christianity and China
Susan Chan Egan, A Latter-Day Confucian
Norman J. Girardot, The Victorian Translation of China: James Legge’s Oriental Pilgrimage. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 2002.
Ryan Dunch, Fuzhou Protestants and the Making of a Modern China, 1857-1927
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