What did the foreigners want out of China? What did they get? Why were there a "scramble for concessions", 1895-1900, and then changing patterns of foreign rivalry? What did the Chinese learn from all this?
Robert F. Dernberger, "The Role of the Foreigner in China's Economic Development, 1840-1949", in Dwight H. Perkins, ed., China's Modern Economy in Historical Perspective
Michael H. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914, Ch. 5
Philip C. C. Huang, The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988, Ch. 7
Ralph Huenemann, China and the Iron Horse
Lillian Li, China's Silk Trade
Chi-ming Hou, Foreign Investment in China
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